TESTING OF DRUGS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CUSTOMS CONTROL IN UKRAINE: LEGAL ASPECTS.

The purpose of the study is to analyze certain aspects of the legal regulation of the examination of medicines containing narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, or precursors in the field of customs. To achieve this goal, we analyzed the number of customs examinations carried out, new narcotic compounds identified for the first time. An analysis of the understanding of the definition "examination" and "customs examination" in the scientific literature. Two directions of the implementation of expert examinations of medicines containing narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, or precursors in the field of customs were identified, its concept was defined. It is proposed to attribute the investigative examination to the methods of customs control. It was found out that this examination is not a forensic examination, and it can be attributed to a special class of examinations, since it has characteristic features inherent only in it: subject, tasks, objects, and research methods. Seven stages of the implementation of expert examinations of medicinal products containing narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, or precursors during customs control are highlighted and their procedural order is analyzed.

REALIZATION OF THE HUMAN RIGHT TO PALLIATIVE CARE IN UKRAINE: PROBLEMS AND LEGAL ISSUES (REVIEW).

The aim of the study is to analyze individual legal problems of the implementation of the human right to palliative care. To achieve this goal, statistical data on the number of palliative patients, their access to medical services were analyzed. The absence of reasons for limiting the patient's right to receive palliative care, as such a right is a fundamental human right, is substantiated. An analysis of the understanding of the legal construction of "palliative care" in the scientific literature, national and international legal documents was carried out. It was revealed that the terms "hospice care", "end-of-life-care", "respite care" are components of a precise definition - "palliative care". Two groups of subjects that ensure the human right to this type of medical care are identified, their powers are indicated. In the course of the research it was established that palliative patients, more often than other patients, need medical care, including children. This category of patients faces the following problems: incomplete providing of high-quality free medical palliative care; insufficient number of palliative and hospice departments for such patients; palliative care does not meet international standards (logistical support for palliative departments, there are no specialists of a multidisciplinary team); there is no special training for medical personnel working with incurable patients; painkillers (non-narcotic and narcotic) drugs for relieving pain syndrome of such patients are not provided in full volume; there is no cooperation of state authorities in the field of palliative care with public and charitable organizations; palliative patients do not have access to free legal services (pensions, inheritance).